History of "Palestine" 1273 BCE to 1948 - Draiman

History of "Palestine" 1273 BCE to 1948

The only time "Palestine" was ruled by "Palestinians" or any people from the Arabian Peninsula was briefly around 635 A.D.

"The only Arab domination since the Conquest in 635 A.D. hardly lasted, as such, 22 years...," the Muslim chairman of the Syrian Delegation attested in his remarks to the Paris Peace Conference in February 1919."Yes, the existence of a separate Palestinian identity serves only tactical purposes. The founding of a Palestinian state is a new tool in the continuing battle against Israel... " Zuheir Muhsin, late Military Department head of the PLO and member of its Executive Council, Dutch daily Trouw, March 1977

A.D.	Ruler *
1273 BCE	Israel	Conquest of Canaan ** under Joshua,
423 BCE	Iranian	Babylon invades and destroys First Temple [Persian empire was based in modern day Iran]
371 BCE	Israel Iranian	King Cyrus issued decree to restore Jewish Nation
312 BCE	Israel Greek	Battle of Gaza; Seleucus controls Syria and Babylonia [Seleucid empire was based in Macedonia, northern Greece]
285-246 BCE	Israel Egyptian	Rule of Ptolemy II
199 BCE	Israel Greek	Seleucid monarchy occupies Judea **
175 BCE	Israel Greek-Syrian	Antiochus Epiphanes came to throne in Syria
168 BCE	Israel Greek-Syrian	Pagan idol set up in Temple
165 BCE	Israel Greek-Syrian	Macabean Revolt, beginning of Hasmonean dynasty
142 BCE	Israel	Shimon rules and gains Judean indepence
135-104 BCE	Israel	Rule of Yochanan Hyrkanus
104-103 BCE	Israel	Rule of Yehudah Aristobulus
103-76 BCE	Israel	Rule of Alexander Yannai
76-66 BCE	Israel	Rule of Salome Alexandra
63 BCE	Israel  Roman	Civil War: Hyrkanus vs. Aristobulus. Pompey intervenes, Conquest of Jerusalem by Pompey, Judea becomes Roman Vassal.
47 BCE	Israel  Roman	Caesar appoints Antipater ruler of Judea
70	Roman	The Romans conquer Jerusalem
132-136	Roman	Jewish revolt under Bar Kochba; final defeat of Judah and loss of political sovereignty, rename area to "Palestine" **
351	Roman	Jewish revolt to end foreign rule; Roman Empire adopts Christianity.
395	Turkish	Palestine part of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, still called Judea or Judah.
438	Turkish	Empress Eudocia allows Jews back to Temple site, misinterpreted by Jews as return to nationhood.
614	Iran	Persian conquest under Chosroes (with the support of a Jewish army).
628	Turkish	"Palestine" reconquered by the Byzantines
633-637	Syrian	Arab conquest; shortly afterward, attempt by Jews to restore their nation.
639	Syrian	Muawiyah Arab governor.
660	Syrian	Muawiyah is made the first Omayyad Caliph of Damascus.
661	Syrian	Murder of Ali; Omayyad Dynasty begins.
750	Iraq	Last Omayyad Caliph defeated; reign of the Abbassid Caliphs of Baghdad (Persian, Turk, Circassian, Kurd).
878	Egyptian	Ahmad, b. Tulun, a Turkish general and governor of Egypt, conquers Palestine; reign of the Tulunides (Turks).
904	Iraq	The Abbassids of Baghdad reconquer Palestine.
906	Carmathians	Inroads of the Carmathians.
934	Egyptian	The Egyptian lkhshidi princes conquer Palestine; their reign begins.
969	Egyptian	The Fatimid Caliphs of Cairo conquer Palestine.
969-971	Carmathians	War with the Carmathians.
970-976	Turkish	Byzantine invasion.
1070-1080	Turkish	Seljuq Turks conquer Palestine.
1099	Crusaders	The Crusaders conquer Jerusalem, massacre the Jewish and Muslim populations; reign in parts of Palestine until 1291.
1187	Crusaders	Saladin of Damascus, a Kurd, captures Jerusalem and the greater part of Palestine.
1244	Mongolian	The Kharezmians, instigated by Genghis Khan, invade Palestine; Jerusalem's population is slaughtered, the city sacked.
1260	Egyptian	Mameluk Sultans of Egypt defeat Mongols at Ain Jalut, in Palestine; their reign begins.
1260	Egyptian	Mongol invasion; Jerusalem sacked.
1291	Egyptian	End of the Latin (Crusaders) Kingdom.
1299-1303	Mongolian	Mongol invasion.
1516-1517	Turkish	The Ottomans conquer Palestine.
1799	French	Napoleon conquers Palestine, but is defeated at Acre.
1831	Egyptian	Ibrahim Pasha, adopted son of Egypt's Viceroy, occupies Palestine.
1840	Turkish	Ibrahim Pasha compelled by the Powers to leave Palestine; Turkish rule restored.
1840	Turkish	English writers and statesmen begin to discuss the possibility of a Jewish restoration.
1871-1882	Turkish	First Jewish agricultural settlements.
1909	Turkish	Foundation of the all-Jewish city of Tel Aviv.
1917-1918	British	Allies occupy the whole of Palestine, east and west of the Jordan River; British military administration, end of Ottoman reign.
1917-1918	British	Balfour Declaration granting "Jewish Homeland" internationally approved.
1920	British	British (pre-Mandate) civil administration; Turkish sovereignty renounced, treaty includes Balfour Declaration
1922	British	Palestine Mandate; Jewish National Home confirmed.
1923	British	Palestine Mandate comes into operation.
1923	British	Seventy-five percent of Palestine is set aside as an independent Arab "Palestinian" state, Transiordan.
1925	British	Hebrew University of Jerusalem opened.
1927	British	High Commissioners receive Commission for Transjordan.
1929	British	Arab revolt.
1936-1939	British	Arab revolt and civil war.
1946	British	Establishment of Arab state of Transiordan.
1948	Israel	End of Mandate for Palestine; establishment of State of Israel; Arab-Jewish war.
1948	Israel	Eastern Palestine-Transjordan-.occupies the West Bank area of Western Palestine, becomes "Jordan," constituting over eighty percent of Palestine.

* For familiarity we cite the closest modern country which contained the seat of power at the time.
** Canaan, Judea and "Palestine" refers to both the East and West banks of the Jordan river, what is Israel and Jordan today..
Source: Joan Peter's "From Time Immemorial" Harper & Row Publishers
(with over 150 pages of well sourced footnotes)  and
"History of the Jewish People - The Second Temple Era" by Mesorah Publications
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